Pemphigus causes blisters on your skin and mucous membranes. The blisters rupture easily, leaving open sores, which may ooze and become infected. The signs and symptoms of two common types of pemphigus are as follows: Pemphigus vulgaris. This type usually begins with blisters in your mouth and then on your skin or genital mucous membranes International Pemphigus Pemphigoid Foundation (IPPF) 2014-05-06T23:25:08-07:00 Sto andando molto meglio grazie all'IPPF. Sono stato in trattamento per una settimana e sento 100% migliore! Voglio ringraziare l'IPPF, perché se non avessi ricevuto l'elenco di riferimento medico non avrei trovato un medico che potrebbe trattarmi adeguatamente
Il Pemphigus vulgaris si verifica tra 0.1 e 2.7 per 100,000 persone all'anno. Gli studi hanno trovato alcune popolazioni (ad esempio, persone di Gli antenati ebrei, in particolare gli ebrei ashkenaziti e gli abitanti dell'India, dell'Europa sudorientale e del Medio Oriente sono a maggior rischio per il pemfigo volgare For more free medical powerpoints, visit www. medicaldump.com, Free updates everyday on all specialties including cardiology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonolo
Pemphigus vegetans Pemphigus vegetans is a rare but distinct clinical form of PV characterized by verruciform and papillomatous vegetating and/ or pustular lesions of the periorificial regions or, more com-monly, involving the large folds. It may present in two forms: † Neumann-type pemphigus vegetans is characterized by periorificial. International Pemphigus & Pemphigoid Foundation 1331 Garden Highway, Ste 100 Sacramento, CA 95833 United States of America info@pemphigus.org (855) 473-6744 - (916) 922-129 Pemphigoid is a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin, and mucous membranes.As its name indicates, pemphigoid is similar in general appearance to pemphigus, but, unlike pemphigus, pemphigoid does not feature acantholysis, a loss of connections between skin cells.. Pemphigoid is more common than pemphigus, and is slightly more common in women than in men
Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid are distinct autoimmune blistering diseases that are characterised by the presence of autoantibodies directed against specific adhesion molecules of the skin and mucous membranes. The comparison and contrast of molecular mechanism of blister formation of these two diseases provide a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach to affected patients Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder. If you have it, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your skin and mouth, causing blisters and sores. No one knows the cause. Pemphigus does not spread from person to person. It does not appear to be inherited. But some people's genes put them more at risk for pemphigus
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an acquired autoimmune disease in which IgG antibodies target desmosomal proteins to produce intraepithelial, mucocutaneous blistering. Desmoglein (Dsg) 3 is the major antigen but 50-60% of patients have additional antibodies to Dsg1, the antigen in pemphigus foliaceus (PF).1-3 Th Pemphigus vulgaris. The former is by far the most common true pemphigus condition in horses. There is probably little or no breed or color susceptibility but for some reason Arabians and Appaloosas may be over-represented on the case numbers. Pemphigus affects horses of all ages. It is hardto understand whythe body suddenl Aggressive refractory pemphigus vulgaris that responded to plasmapheresis: a case report Hiba Hasan Khaddour*, Diana Zaher, Triak Kassem and Ahmad Hasan Abstract Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder that involves intraepithelial blistering and sores of the skin and mucous membranes. The average age of onset is between 50 and. Pemphigus encompasses a group of life‐threatening autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by blisters and erosions of the mucous membranes and skin. Before the era of immunosuppressive treatment, the prognosis of pemphigus was almost fatal. Due to its rarity, only few prospective controlled therapeutic trials are available. Objective
Pemphigus: Conversion program: PDF-XChange 3.30.0063 (Windows XP) Encrypted: no: Version of PDF format: 1.4: Page size: 792 x 612 pts (letter). Pemphigus foliaceus can be drug-induced or spontaneous. Methimazole, cimetidine, ampicillin, itraconazole and lime-sulphur have all been implicated in triggering the disease. It is suggested that these drugs may activate the proteolytic enzymes in the skin, resulting in acantholysis Pemphigus vulgaris 1. Definition : An autoimmune vesiculobullous blistering disease characterized by intra-epithelial blister formation. 2. Aetiopathogenesis : Circulating autoantibodies of (IgG) type target the desmosomal complexes, Desmoglein 3 and 1 . 3. Epidemiology : - Equal Incidence rate in both genders Anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 IgG autoantibodies in pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris cause blisters through loss of desmosomal adhesion. It is controversial whether blister formation is due to direct inhibition of Dsg, intracellular signaling events causing desmosome destabilization, or both. Recent studies show that heterophilic binding between Dsg and desmocollin (Dsc) is the.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) pemphigus is a group of newly characterized immune-mediated intraepidermal blistering skin diseases. Unlike typical immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated pemphigus, IgA pemphigus is characterized by tissue-bound and circulating IgA autoantibodies that target the desmosomal proteins of the epidermis Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder which presents with painful mucocutaneous blisters and erosions. On the skin, they are flaccid bullae or erosions, and on the mucosa, they present as erosions. This disease is rare but is devastating to those who have it; it also is related—perhaps genetically—to other autoimmune conditions. This is to say that a patient can develop pemphigus. Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune disease that causes painful blistering on the skin and mucous membranes. If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system mistakenly attacks your. Pemphigus spyrothecae, or the poplar spiral gall aphid, is a social insect which exhibits apparent altruistic behaviors. The aphids form galls and act as colony defenders, at times sacrificing their own lives to do so. It has been shown that colony defense is more likely in habitats that are difficult to obtain and can hold a large number of individuals
Pemphigus foliaceous is characterized by an extensive dermal exfoliative component with little or no mucosal involvement. Pemphigus erythematosus (Senear-Usher syndrome) mimics LE in its malar distribution of the erythematous scaling crusting lesions; there is also little or no mucosal involvement When pemphigus is severe or medicine fails to work, a dermatologist may talk with you about one of the following treatment options. Plasmapheresis: This treatment involves removing plasma from your blood. Plasma contains the proteins that cause your immune system to attack your skin and the moist tissues lining your mouth and other parts of your body Pemphigus refers to a group of skin disorders that cause blistering and sores on the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, throat or genital region Pemphigus generally shows a relapsing course in the pediatric age group like in adults and complete recovery is rare. Children with pemphigus show a relatively better prognosis when compared with adults, except for Para neoplastic pemphigus [1]. High-dose and prolonged administration of CS and other adjuvan
Antigen-specific B-cell depletion for precision therapy of mucosal pemphigus vulgaris Jinmin Lee, 1 Daniel K. Lundgren, 1 Xuming Mao, 1 Silvio Manfredo-Vieira, 1 Selene Nunez-Cruz, 2 Erik F. Williams, 3 Charles-Antoine Assenmacher, 4 Enrico Radaelli, 4 Sangwook Oh, 1 Baomei Wang, 1 Christoph T. Ellebrecht, 1 Joseph A. Fraietta, 3 Michael C. Objectives The validity of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris recording in routinely collected healthcare data in the UK is unknown. We assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) for bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris primary care Read codes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) using linked inpatient data (Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)) as the diagnostic benchmark FOR PEMPHIGUS. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:1043-6 Validé le 10 sept. 2015 par P. Joly (Groupe bulle de la SFD) Pemphigus (PDAI) Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI), - Skin - Activity - Damage Anatomical Location Erosion / Blisters or new erythema Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease, meaning that cells that normally fight infection attack the body itself instead.. There are 2 main forms of pemphigus. One can affect only the skin (pemphigus foliaceus).The other can affect either the mucous membranes of the mouth alone or the mouth and the skin (pemphigus vulgaris).In most cases, the disease develops on its own, but certain medications.
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder.In the case of pemphigus vulgaris, the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies against specific proteins in the skin and mucous membranes, known as desmogleins. These proteins form the glue that keeps skin cells attached and the skin intact. When desmogleins are attacked, skin cells separate from each other and fluid can collect between the.
The management and counseling of patients with pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy is a challenge. The frequency of the association is very low and the current knowledge is based only on case reports or small series. The authors report 2 case INTERNATIONAL PEMPHIGUS & PEMPHIGOID FOUNDATION 1331 Garden Highway, Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95833 Toll free: 855-4PEMPHIGUS tel: 916-922-1298 info@pemphigus.org | www.pemphigus.org POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to IPPF, 1331 Garden Highway #100, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA The Quarterly is published four times a year and provided free t Pemphigus foliaceus. What is pemphigus foliaceus? Pemphigus foliaceus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease which is characterised by superficial blisters, erosions and crusts on the skin. This type of pemphigus is less common than pemphigus vulgaris in Australia but in some parts of the world it is endemic and very common
Dental professionals should think of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) or mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) when there is a combination of: Multiple oral lesions; Ulcerations preceded by bullae (however, in many cases, the bullae may not be evident to the patient or clinician) Chronic lesions (non-healing or very slow to heal Pemphigus Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder of the skin. The immune system produces protective antibodies that circulate through our blood and protect us from attack by hostile viruses and bacteria. In pemphigus however, the antibodies mistakenly consider normal tissues as foreign and attack them Scalp is a unique location for pemphigus because of the abundance of desmogleins localized in hair follicles. Scalp involvement is observed in up to 60% of patients in the course of pemphigus. The lesions may occasionally lead to alopecia. Unforced removal of anagen hairs in a pull test is a sign of high disease activity. Direct immunofluorescence of plucked hair bulbs is considered a reliable. pemphigus vulgaris, with an approximate ratio of 4:1. Pathophysiology A variety of drugs have been implicated in the onset of drug-induced pemphigus. Some of these drugs induce antibody formation, which results in acantholysis via a mechanism identical to that found in idiopathic pemphigus Pemphigus foliaceus, which is characterized by shallow blisters and involvement limited to the skin, is considered to have a better prognosis than pemphigus vulgaris (picture 4A-C) ; however, progression of pemphigus foliaceus may lead to extensive involvement and similar complications
Pemphigus foliaceus has the following 6 subtypes: pemphigus erythematosus (PE), pemphigus herpetiformis (PH), endemic pemphigus foliaceus, endemic pemphigus foliaceus with antigenic reactivity characteristic of paraneoplastic pemphigus (but with no neoplasm), immunoglobulin A (IgA) pemphigus foliaceus, and drug-induced pemphigus foliaceus Background: Oral pemphigus is considered to represent either an initial stage of pemphigus vulgaris that should be treated with high doses of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent its spread to the skin or a variety of the disease that does not need aggressive treatment. The absence of a widely accepted therapeutic method and the obscure nature of this disease prompted this study Pemphigus describes a group of autoimmune blistering diseases that involve the epidermal surfaces of the skin, mucosa, or both. There are 3 broad categories: pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). Pemphigus is mediated by an autoantibody that binds a specific component of the desmosomal plaque Pemphigus vulgaris is a long-lasting (chronic) disease and will not usually settle without treatment. There will be occasions when it flares up and other occasions when it improves. Currently, there is no way of predicting when flares will occur . Page 3 of Group of autoimmune blistering diseases. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is confined to the skin. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) can involve the skin and mucosal surfaces of the eyes, mouth, nasopharynx, and esophagus. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings of epidermal loss..
Pemphigus Vulgaris October 2019 www.bisom.org.uk available as mouthwashes, sprays, pastes and small pellets which dissolve in your mouth. Topical steroids can sometimes cause oral thrush which can be easily treated or prevented with topical antifungals. • An antiseptic mouthwash or. Pemphigus: Introduction. Pemphigus: A rare group of autoimmune skin disorders where blisters or raw sores develop on the skin and mucous membranes. The bodies immune system destroys proteins the hold skin cells together resulting in blistering. The condition can be life-threatening if untreated Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common subset or variant and accounts for 70% of cases of pemphigus. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is characterised by lesions which occur only in the skin and associated with antibodies to desmoglein 1 (DSG1). Pemphigus herpetiformis, IgA pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus and IgG/IgA pemphigus are rarer forms Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is confined to the skin. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) can involve the skin and mucosal surfaces of the eyes, mouth, nasopharynx, and oesophagus. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings of epidermal los View PDF external link opens in a new window.
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a mucocutaneous blistering disease characterized by IgG autoantibodies against the stratified squamous epithelium.Current understanding of PV pathophysiology does not explain the mechanism of acantholysis in patients lacking desmoglein antibodies, which justifies a search for novel targets of pemphigus autoimmunity Pemphigus new photo due to antihypertensive drug.jpg 800 × 912; 527 KB Permphigus.jpg 1,112 × 1,912; 1.04 MB Right axilla showing the later stages of pemphigus vegetans Wellcome L0061947.jpg 4,268 × 4,241; 2.7 M
Pemphigus refers to a group of autoimmune blistering diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigus may be induced following exposure to various exogenous agents, including thermal burns, drugs, infectious agents, and neoplasms, as well as UV, ionizing, and x-ray irradiation. We report a case of a 28-year-old man with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) induced by a severe electrical injury pemphigus foliaceus Blisters so€superficial rupture€so€easily Dominated€more€by€weeping€and€crusting€erosions€than€by€blisters pemphigus€erythematosus facial€lesions pink,€rough€and€scaly patient€is€in€poor€health€bcoz€of€the€diseases€it€self Course Course€is€prolonged mortality€rate 15 Pemphigus encompasses a heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases, which affect both mucous membranes and the skin. The disease usually runs a chronic-relapsing course, with a potentially devastating impact on the patients' quality of life. Pemphigus pathogenesis is related to IgG autoantibodies targeting various adhesion molecules in the epidermis, including desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and. Emerging treatment options for the management of pemphigus vulgaris Khalaf Kridin Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threatening disease belonging to the pemphigus group of autoimmune intra-epidermal bullous diseases of the skin and mucosae. The therapeutic management of PV remains challenging and, in some cases. Pemphigus consists of a group of rare and severe autoimmune blistering diseases mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies mainly directed against two desmosomal adhesion proteins, desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3 (also known as DG1 and DG3), which are present in the skin and surface-close mucosae. The binding of autoantibodies to Dsg proteins induces a separation of neighbouring keratinocytes, in a.
Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune bullous dermatosis that results from the production of autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3. It is the most frequent and most severe form of pemphigus, occurring universally, usually between 40 and 60 years of age Pemphigus is a rare, life-threatening autoimmune blistering disorder with an incidence of one to seven new cases per million inhabitants per year in Europe and the USA. The two major pemphigus subtypes—pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus—account for about 75% and 20% of cases, respectively Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is limited to the skin, but may progress to involve the mouth. The classic lesion of PV and PF is an erosion or superficial blister. Often these blisters are not inflamed, but in more chronic cases, secondary bacterial or yeast infection is common and makes the prototypical non-inflammatory erosion or bulla less apparent
Group of autoimmune blistering diseases. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is confined to the skin. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) can involve the skin and mucosal surfaces of the eyes, mouth, nasopharynx, and oesophagus. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings of epidermal los.. Findings This post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial that included 47 patients treated with rituximab as first-line therapy identified 2 factors associated with early relapse: a baseline Pemphigus Disease Area Index score of 45 or higher corresponding to severe pemphigus, and persistent anti-desmoglein 1 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level greater than 20 IU/mL and/or. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), an autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder involving the oral and bronchial mucosae, is a rare complication of hematologic malignancy. Serologically, serum autoantibodies against varied desmosome-related proteins are of notice. PNP is often lethal due to bronchiolitis obliterans and opportunistic infection. A 70-year-old Japanese male complained of dry cough. File nella categoria Pemphigus vulgaris Questa categoria contiene 5 file, indicati di seguito, su un totale di 5. An American text-book of genito-urinary diseases, syphilis and diseases of the skin (1898) (14782741605).jpg 1 639 × 2 630; 427 K
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. The case reported presented unusually with dyspepsia that was not responsive to protein pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. This progressed to severe dysphagia and odynophagia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed extensive ulceration of the esophagus, and direct immunofluorescence of an esophageal biopsy. Il pemfigo foliaceo (PF) è considerato una varietà ad evoluzione benigna del pemfigo.Si tratta di una malattia cutanea di tipo autoimmune, i cui tratti distintivi risiedono nella perdita di adesione intercellulare (fenomeno noto con il nome di acantolisi) dei cheratinociti, localizzati negli strati superiori dell'epidermide.La perdita di adesione tra i cheratinociti comporta la formazione di. Pemphigus foliaceus is a skin disease in which antibodies against the cell surface of keratinocytes destroy the adhesion between epidermal cells, thereby producing blisters. It is a rare disease in childhood, and treatment guidelines for juvenile pemphigus foliaceus are lacking. An 8 year old boy with pemphigus foliaceus is described Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (SLA) La più grave fra le malattie che colpiscono il motoneurone: sclerosi laterale amiotrofica atrofia gliotica cordoni laterali del midollo spinal Pemphigus vegetans muodostaa karstaista, helposti verta vuotavaa ihottumaa huuliin, silmäluomiin, peräaukon ja virtsaputken suun ympärille sekä taipeisiin. Karstan alta paljastuu haavapintoja. Tauti on hyvänlaatuinen. Suvuittain esiintyvässä pemfiguksessa (pemphigus familiaris Hailey-Hailey) karstaisia, helposti verta vuotavia, aristavia läiskiä esiintyy kainaloissa, usein muissakin.
pemphigus has been reported in American, European, South American, and Asian patients. Sex The sex distribution is unknown. A review of 28 cases reported from 1982-1997 revealed a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.33. Age IgA pemphigus has been reported to occur in persons aged 1 month6 to 85 years Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease presenting in endemic and sporadic forms. The typical presentation is recurrent shallow erosions in a seborrheic distribution. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman with PF who was successfully treated with a combination of oral corticosteroids and dapsone. We also provide a concise review of the literature and discuss the.
Pemphigus vulgaris was suspected and 2 shave biopsies from the lesions on the back and cheek were obtained for confirmation. Histopathologic examination revealed epidermal hyperplasia and suprabasal acantholysis as well as moderate perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate with several eosinophils and plasma cells, characteristic of PV (Figure 2) Pemphigus Erythematosus Rakesh Bharti, MD, MBBS, Consultant Dermatologist and HIV Specialist, BDC Research Centre, India Rossitza Lazova, MD, Associate Professor of Dermatology and Pathology, Director of Dermatopathology Residency and Fellowship Program, Yale University School of Medicine; Consultin Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a subset of patients with pemphigus and neoplasia. J Cutan Pathol 20: 203-210. 5. Hashimoto T, Amagai M, Watanabe K, Chorzelski TP, Bhogal BS, et al. (1995) Characterization of paraneoplastic pemphigus autoantigens by immunoblot analysis. J Invest Dermatol 104: 829-834. 6 Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic, autoimmune, vesiculobullous disease. As a result of the relative rarity of PV, published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are limited, which makes it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment regimens in this disease. This also precludes conduct of a meta-analysis. English-language publications describing treatment outcomes of patients. Pemphigus ist eine schwere bullöse Autoimmundermatose, deren Behandlung trotz hoch dosierter immunsuppressiver Therapieverfahren aufgrund der iatrogenen Komorbiditäten und der mangelnden langfristigen Wirksamkeit eine klinische Herausforderung darstellt. Welche zielgerichteten Therapieverfahren werden beim Pemphigus bereits eingesetzt und welche innovativen Therapiestrategien befinden sich.
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease caused by auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) directed against epithelial desmosomal components and leading to disruption of cell-cell adhesion. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis remain unknown and treatment is still based on immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids, which are associated with potentially. What is pemphigus vulgaris? Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune skin disorder that causes blisters or bullae because there's separation of skin cells. Fi..
Vet Pathol 3l:l, 1994 Pemphigus Foliaceus and Superficial Folliculitis 21 Table 1. Comparison of the density of acantholytic cells, rafts of acantholytic cells, cellular exocytosis, and frequency of follicles bridged per mm of pustule length in pemphigus foliaceus and superficial folliculitis Pemphigus vulgaris usually starts in middle-aged and older adults, but is can occur at any age. Often, pemphigus not the first disease considered. The first line of defense for all forms of pemphigus is the introduction of oral steroids, usually Prednisone
Pemphigus vulgaris affects men and women approximately equally. Although sometimes appearing in younger people, the average onset of symptoms is in those aged 50-60 years. Pemphigus vulgaris can occur in persons of any ethnicity, but the disorder tends to appear more often in persons of Mediterranean ancestry, Ashkenazi Jews, and some subtypes in people from Brazil and Colombia Pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy is exceedingly rare—only 26 cases with immunopathological confirmation have been reported. The disease may be associated with adverse neonatal outcome, including prematurity and fetal death. Transient skin lesions may occasionally appear in the neonate. For full access to this pdf,. PDF Reader; Full Text; Revista1Vol89ingles_Layout 1 2/11/14 3:21 PM Página 96 96 pemphigus with acantholysis.5-7 Other cases were later described, which showed circulating and in vivo bound pemphigus antibodies.8-10 In 1975, Jablonska et al.11 described a similar case and proposed the name pemphigus herpetiformis (PH) Pemphigus herpetiformis is not associated with significant mortality; however, the disease is associated with significant pruritus. Treatment regimens for the disease may cause significant adverse effects that must be monitored closely by the patient's physicians
Pemphigus autoantigens. Following the discovery of IgG autoantibodies in patients with PV [] and PF [], numerous attempts have been made to identify targeted antigens.The patient's serum and isolated IgG fraction were utilized in the immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments using the epidermal or keratinocyte culture proteins as well as saliva and urine as substrates INTRODUCTION. Pemphigus is defined as a group of life-threatening blistering disorders characterized by acantholysis (loss of keratinocyte to keratinocyte adhesion) that results in the formation of intraepithelial blisters in mucous membranes and skin [].The process of acantholysis is induced by the binding of circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies to intercellular adhesion.
